Epidemiology

Rheumatic heart disease is endemic in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Heterogeneity across neighbouring geographical regions with similar socio- economic backgrounds largely reflects under-reporting of disease.

Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease is associated with social inequality. Overcrowding, poor hygiene, and limited access to healthcare are major determinants of rheumatic heart disease.

Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease increases with advancing age. Cumulative exposure to repeat infections may be involved in progression of disease.